Contains lignans that may modulate neurotransmitter levels, particularly dopamine and serotonin, enhancing mood and cognitive function. May improve reaction time and concentration, crucial for high-intensity or technical sports.

Punicalagins are metabolised into urolithins, which can activate mitophagy (removal of damaged mitochondria), potentially improving cellular energy production. Enhances nitric oxide production, leading to vasodilation and improved blood flow. This may result in better oxygen and nutrient delivery to muscles during exercise, potentially improving performance and reducing fatigue.

Increased arginine levels lead to enhanced nitric oxide production, improving blood flow and oxygen delivery to muscles. This may result in reduced fatigue and improved endurance. The malate component enters the Krebs cycle, potentially enhancing energy production.

Rich in anthocyanins and other polyphenols that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. May reduce oxidative stress and inflammation caused by intense exercise, potentially speeding up recovery and reducing muscle soreness. Some studies suggest it may improve sleep quality, which is crucial for recovery.

A product of butyric acid, tributyrin is more efficiently absorbed in the gut. Supports gut health by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and maintaining the integrity of the gut lining. A healthy gut microbiome is increasingly linked to improved athletic performance through various pathways, including enhanced nutrient absorption and modulation of the body's inflammatory responses.

Act as coenzymes in numerous metabolic processes, particularly in energy production pathways. Crucial for cellular energy production. It's a precursor for FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide), a key component in the electron transport chain in mitochondria.

Precursor to NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide), essential for energy metabolism and cellular repair processes. Niacin may also improve blood flow by causing temporary vasodilation.